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Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev ((ロシア語:Андрей Николаевич Туполев); November 10, 1888 – December 23, 1972) was a pioneering Soviet aircraft designer. During his career, he designed and oversaw the design of more than 100 types of aircraft, some of which set 78 world records. In recognition of his work, he was made an honorary member of Britain's Royal Aeronautical Society and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.〔 Credited as ''Andrie N. Tupelov.''〕 He was honoured in his own country by being made an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1953), Colonel-General (1968), and three times a Hero of Socialist Labor (1945, 1957, 1972).〔(Central Museum of the Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation ). Monino.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.〕 ==Early life== Tupolev was born in the village of Pustomazovo ((ロシア語:Пустомазово)), near the city of Kimry, Tver region, Russia.〔(Tupolev Company Website ). Tupolev.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-09.〕 Tupolev was the sixth of seven children born to his parents. After first being educated at home, he studied at the Gymnasium in Tver and finished in 1908. He then applied for courses at two Russian universities and was accepted at both: Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTU (ロシア語:ИМТУ)) and the Institute of Railway Engineers. He accepted the place at IMTU. In 1909, Tupolev began studying aerodynamics under the Russian aviation pioneer N.E. Zhukovski. During this time he built one of the world's first wind tunnels which led to the formation of an aerodynamic laboratory at IMTU. In 1911, Tupolev was accused of taking part in revolutionary activities, including demonstrations and distribution of subversive literature, and was arrested. He was later released on condition that he return to his family home in Pustomazovo and was only allowed to return to IMTU in 1914. He completed his studies in 1918 and was awarded the degree of Engineer-Mechanic when he presented his thesis on the development of seaplanes. By 1920 the IMTU had been renamed the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU) and Tupolev was teaching a course there on the basics of aerodynamic calculations.〔Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft, P. Duffy & A.I. Kandalov, 1996, page 9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andrei Tupolev」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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